# Uncap, Glossary > Index of 42 published glossary terms. For the full markdown body of any row, fetch `https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/`. Public index: https://www.uncap.com/glossary ## What Is a B2B Portal? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/b2b-portal Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/b2b-portal Published: 2026-10-11 > A B2B portal is an online ordering site where a supplier's business buyers browse products, place orders, track shipments, manage invoices and get personalized pricing. Unlike a public storefront, it is built for business transactions: bulk ordering, contract-based pricing, multiple users per account, purchase order workflows and company-specific product catalogs. ## What Is a Backorder? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/backorder Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/backorder Published: 2026-10-11 > A backorder is a business order, or part of an order, for an item that is out of stock and still awaiting fulfillment. The seller accepts the order now and ships the missing quantity once new stock arrives. The items that are in stock can ship first, with the backordered quantity following in a separate shipment. ## What Is a GTIN (Global Trade Item Number)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/gtin Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/gtin Published: 2026-10-11 > A GTIN (Global Trade Item Number) is the GS1 identification number a company uses to uniquely identify each of its trade items, meaning products or services that are priced, ordered or invoiced at any point in the supply chain. It is the number printed under a barcode and comes in 8, 12, 13 or 14 digits. ## What Is MAP Pricing? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/map-pricing Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/map-pricing Published: 2026-10-11 > MAP pricing, short for minimum advertised price, is a supplier's floor on the price at which resellers may advertise its products. In FTC guidance it appears as a term of cooperative advertising programs: a reseller that advertises below the minimum advertised price cannot take part. ## What Is an Order Management System (OMS)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/order-management-system Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/order-management-system Published: 2026-10-11 > An order management system (OMS) is software that tracks sales, orders, inventory and fulfillment across sales channels, from receipt of an order to delivery. It routes each order to the best fulfillment location, handles returns, and unifies orders into one dashboard. An ERP, by contrast, gives a bird's eye view of every business function. ## What Is PIM (Product Information Management)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/pim Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/pim Published: 2026-10-11 > PIM (product information management) is the process and software a business uses to centralize product data so teams can collect, clean, enrich, approve and distribute it. In commerce, a PIM system holds titles, descriptions, SKUs, specifications, images and channel requirements, then sends approved product content to the storefront, marketplaces, B2B portals and print catalogs. ## What Are Shopify Functions? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/shopify-functions Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/shopify-functions Published: 2026-10-11 > Shopify Functions let developers customize Shopify's backend logic, such as discounts, delivery and payment options, order routing and checkout validation. A function ships inside an app, reads store data through a GraphQL input query, runs as a WebAssembly module, and returns operations for Shopify to carry out. They replace Shopify Scripts, deprecated on June 30, 2026. ## What Is a SKU (Stock Keeping Unit)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/sku Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/sku Published: 2026-10-11 > A SKU (stock keeping unit) is a code a business creates to identify each product and variant it stocks, so it can track inventory and report on sales. Unlike a GTIN or UPC, which GS1 issues and every trading partner shares, a SKU is internal: two sellers can stock the same item under different SKUs. ## What Is a Tax Exemption Certificate? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/tax-exemption-certificate Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/tax-exemption-certificate Published: 2026-10-11 > A tax exemption certificate is the form a buyer gives a seller to claim exemption from sales tax on purchases of otherwise taxable items. The seller keeps it as the record of the exempt sale, and a resale certificate is one kind, used when the buyer is purchasing goods to resell them. ## What Is Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/total-cost-of-ownership Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/total-cost-of-ownership Published: 2026-10-11 > Total cost of ownership (TCO) is the full cost of an option. It includes not only implementation and operational costs but also related costs, such as overhead, salaries, benefits, technology upgrades, software support and maintenance. Identifying that full cost lets decision makers accurately weigh the value of one option against another. ## What Is a UPC (Universal Product Code)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/upc Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/upc Published: 2026-10-11 > A UPC (Universal Product Code) is the 12-digit GS1 product number, also called a GTIN-12, and the UPC-A barcode that carries it. Used predominantly in North America, it is scanned at the point of sale so retailers and manufacturers can identify the exact item, look up its price and track inventory. ## What Is a Warehouse Management System (WMS)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/warehouse-management-system Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/warehouse-management-system Published: 2026-10-11 > A warehouse management system (WMS) is software built to support and optimize warehouse and distribution operations. It tracks stock movements in real time, gives visibility into inventory levels and storage, and supports work such as receiving, putaway, picking, packing and shipping. It acts as the central place for a warehouse's operational processes. ## What Is a Webhook? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/webhook Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/webhook Published: 2026-10-11 > A webhook is an HTTP request one system sends to another when an event happens, such as an order being created. The receiving system registers a URL for the events it wants, and the sender posts the event data there, instead of the receiver repeatedly polling an API to ask whether anything changed. ## What Is an EDI 810 (Invoice)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/edi-810 Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/edi-810 Published: 2026-10-11 > An EDI 810 is the X12 Invoice transaction set: the electronic document a seller sends a buyer to bill for goods or services provided. At a minimum it carries a purchase order reference and the total invoice amount, so the buyer's system can match it to the open order and schedule payment under the agreed terms. ## What Is an EDI 820 (Payment Order/Remittance Advice)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/edi-820 Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/edi-820 Published: 2026-10-11 > An EDI 820 is the X12 Payment Order/Remittance Advice transaction set, the last step in X12's basic supply chain process. A buyer uses it to pay for delivered goods and services. It can be an order to a financial institution to make a payment, a remittance advice telling the seller which invoices the payment covers, or both together. ## What Is an EDI 846 (Inventory Inquiry/Advice)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/edi-846 Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/edi-846 Published: 2026-10-11 > An EDI 846 is the X12 Inventory Inquiry/Advice transaction set. A seller uses it to share inventory information with a prospective buyer, with no obligation on the buyer to purchase. It can also carry inventory information from a seller's representative to the seller or between locations, or ask about availability without obliging the seller to reserve stock. ## What Is an EDI 855 (Purchase Order Acknowledgment)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/edi-855 Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/edi-855 Published: 2026-10-11 > An EDI 855 is the X12 Purchase Order Acknowledgment transaction set: the electronic document a seller sends back to a buyer after its system has processed an EDI 850 purchase order. It may affirm the order or indicate changes to it. X12 also allows it as notice of a vendor generated order that was prearranged with the buyer. ## What Is an EDI 860 (Purchase Order Change Request)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/edi-860 Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/edi-860 Published: 2026-10-11 > An EDI 860 is the X12 Purchase Order Change Request (Buyer Initiated) transaction set. A buyer sends it to request a change to a purchase order it already submitted, or to confirm acceptance of a change the seller initiated or both parties agreed. The seller can answer with an 865 Purchase Order Change Acknowledgment/Request. ## What Is an EDI 940 (Warehouse Shipping Order)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/edi-940 Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/edi-940 Published: 2026-10-11 > An EDI 940 is the X12 Warehouse Shipping Order transaction set. A depositor or other business party sends it to advise a warehouse to make a shipment, confirm a shipment, or modify or cancel a shipping order it transmitted earlier. The warehouse later reports the shipment back with the 945 Warehouse Shipping Advice. ## What Is an EDI 945 (Warehouse Shipping Advice)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/edi-945 Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/edi-945 Published: 2026-10-11 > An EDI 945 is the X12 Warehouse Shipping Advice transaction set. A warehouse sends it to advise the depositor or other business party that a shipment was made. X12 says it is used to reconcile order quantities with shipment quantities. The depositor's 940 Warehouse Shipping Order is the transaction set that asks a warehouse to make a shipment. ## What Is an EDI 997 (Functional Acknowledgment)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/edi-997 Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/edi-997 Published: 2026-10-11 > An EDI 997 is the X12 Functional Acknowledgment transaction set: the electronic receipt a receiving system returns to report the results of a syntax check on the documents it received. It says whether a group of documents was accepted, accepted with errors noted, partially accepted or rejected. It does not cover what the data means. ## What Is a GS1-128 Label (GS1 Logistic Label)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/gs1-128-label Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/gs1-128-label Published: 2026-10-11 > A GS1-128 label, called the GS1 Logistic Label in GS1 standards, is the label that identifies a logistic unit, such as a case, pallet or parcel, with a Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) encoded in a GS1-128 barcode. The SSCC is its only mandatory element. Other data, such as purchase order or carrier details, is optional. ## What Is a Case Pack? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/case-pack Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/case-pack Published: 2026-10-11 > A case pack is the number of identical units a supplier packs into one standard shipping case. The case can hold loose units or inner packs of units. When a supplier sells only full cases, orders come in multiples of the case pack: a product packed 12 to a case sells in 12, 24, 36 and so on. ## What Is CPQ (Configure, Price, Quote)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/cpq Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/cpq Published: 2026-10-11 > CPQ (configure, price, quote) is software that helps sellers quote complex and configurable products, such as heavy trucks, where the chosen chassis can limit the choice of engines. Its configure step combines components and parts into a viable product, and a configuration engine manages the complexity when a product is highly configurable. ## What Is cXML? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/cxml Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/cxml Published: 2026-10-11 > cXML (commerce eXtensible Markup Language) is an open, XML-based protocol for exchanging business documents between procurement applications, e-commerce hubs and suppliers. B2B buyers use it to punch out to a supplier's website, send purchase orders, and receive order confirmations, ship notices and invoices, typically as structured documents sent over HTTP or HTTPS. ## What Is an EDI 850? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/edi-850 Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/edi-850 Published: 2026-10-11 > An EDI 850 is the X12 Purchase Order transaction set: the electronic document a buyer's system sends to a supplier to place an order for goods or services. It carries the purchase order number, the parties, items, quantities, prices and delivery details. X12 says it should not be used for order changes or acknowledgments. ## What Is an EDI 856 (Ship Notice/Manifest)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/edi-856 Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/edi-856 Published: 2026-10-11 > An EDI 856 is the X12 Ship Notice/Manifest transaction set, also called an advance ship notice (ASN). A supplier sends it to list the contents of a shipment of goods: the order information, products, quantities, packaging, markings and carrier. The buyer's receiving process can use it to match incoming product to open orders. ## What Is EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/edi Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/edi Published: 2026-10-11 > EDI (electronic data interchange) is the computer-to-computer exchange of strictly formatted business documents, such as purchase orders, ship notices and invoices, between two trading partners. The receiving computer usually processes each message with no human intervention. Standard families include X12, maintained by an ANSI-accredited non-profit, and UN/EDIFACT. ## What Is Freight Class? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/freight-class Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/freight-class Published: 2026-10-11 > Freight class is a number from 50 to 500 that the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) assigns to a product or commodity for less-than-truckload (LTL) shipping. It reflects four transportation characteristics: density, handling, stowability and liability. Carriers and shippers use it to agree on the effort a load takes, and a lower class generally means a lower cost. ## What Is iPaaS? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/ipaas Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/ipaas Published: 2026-10-11 > iPaaS (integration platform as a service) is a suite of cloud services for developing, running and governing integration flows between separate applications, such as an online store, an ERP and an accounting system. The business builds and deploys its integrations on the platform without installing or managing any hardware or middleware of its own. ## What Is Landed Cost? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/landed-cost Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/landed-cost Published: 2026-10-11 > Landed cost is the total cost of acquiring a product. It adds every expense incurred in acquiring the item to its purchase price, usually freight, insurance, import duties and other charges that arise between the manufacturer and the retailer, to establish what the goods actually cost. As a form of cost price, it is a key factor in determining profitability. ## What Is Lead Time? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/lead-time Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/lead-time Published: 2026-10-11 > Lead time is the time between the start of a process and its completion. In supply chain management, a conventional definition is the time from the moment a customer places an order to the moment the goods are ready for delivery. In manufacturing it includes shipping time, so the buyer knows when parts will be available for planning. ## What Is a List Price? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/list-price Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/list-price Published: 2026-10-11 > A list price is the basic price of an item as published in a catalog, price list or advertisement, before any discounts are taken. In B2B selling it is the starting point, not the final number: account-specific adjustments, fixed prices and quantity breaks can reduce it to the net price a specific buyer actually pays. ## What Is Middleware? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/middleware Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/middleware Published: 2026-10-11 > Middleware is software that sits between applications and enables communication and the management of data between them. It is sometimes described as software glue. In commerce, integration middleware can connect a storefront such as Shopify to an ERP or accounting system, so data such as orders passes between the systems. ## What Is MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/moq Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/moq Published: 2026-10-11 > MOQ (minimum order quantity) is the smallest quantity a supplier will accept in a single order. In wholesale buying, suppliers set the minimum either as a number of units or as a total order value. MOQs help suppliers cover production and shipping costs, and earn a profit. ## What Is Net 30? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/net-30 Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/net-30 Published: 2026-10-11 > Net 30 is a B2B payment term that gives a business buyer 30 days to pay the full amount on an invoice. It is a form of trade credit: the supplier ships the goods or completes the service first and gets paid later. The 30 days are calendar days, so weekends and holidays count. ## What Is Order to Cash? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/order-to-cash Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/order-to-cash Published: 2026-10-11 > Order to cash (O2C) is the business process that runs from the moment a customer places an order until the customer pays for it, converting the order into cash. In ERP systems it typically covers order entry, fulfillment, invoicing, payment collection and cash application. It is an essential function in finance, and ERP systems provide order to cash processes. ## What Is a Purchase Order? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/purchase-order Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/purchase-order Published: 2026-10-11 > A purchase order (PO) is a document listing the products, prices and quantities for an order that a business places with a supplier. Buyers send purchase orders to request fulfillment, and in B2B trade the purchase order process establishes the legal contract between the parties about the purchase. ## What Is an RFQ (Request for Quote)? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/rfq Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/rfq Published: 2026-10-11 > An RFQ (request for quote, or request for quotation) is a request a buyer sends to one or more suppliers asking for a price on specific products or services. It often includes the item specifications and can ask for terms such as payment terms. RFQs suit standardized purchases where price is the main factor in choosing a supplier. ## What Is a System of Record? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/system-of-record Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/system-of-record Published: 2026-10-11 > A system of record (SoR) is the information system that is the authoritative data source for a given piece of data, such as a customer account, a contract price or a stock level. Where data integrity is vital, other systems must either link to that data or extract it directly from the system of record. ## What Is Tiered Pricing? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/tiered-pricing Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/tiered-pricing Published: 2026-10-11 > Tiered pricing is a pricing strategy that sets different price rates based on the quantity purchased or the service level. When it is set by quantity, product quantities are broken into tiers, each higher tier carries a lower per-unit price, and the buyer pays a set price per unit within each tier, which encourages larger orders. ## What Is Trade Credit? URL: https://www.uncap.com/glossary/trade-credit Markdown: https://www.uncap.com/api/md/glossary/trade-credit Published: 2026-10-11 > Trade credit is credit one business extends to another when it sells goods or services on account and lets the buyer pay at a later date, on agreed terms such as net 30 or net 60. For the buyer it is a source of short-term financing, because it can buy supplies without paying for them immediately.